Step-by-step example
Scenario: A 5 kVA system operates at 0.9 power factor.
Formula: W = kVA x 1000 x PF
- W = 5 x 1000 x 0.9
- W = 4,500 Watts
Result: 4,500 Watts
Use cases
- Convert between common electrical units during quick checks.
- Cross-check nameplate ratings against measured inputs.
- Compare DC, single-phase, and three-phase scenarios.
- Estimate loads for planning and documentation.
Assumptions & limitations
- Results are estimates and may be rounded; small differences are expected.
- Inputs assume steady-state values; transient and surge effects are not modeled.
- Voltage can vary by supply, load, and location; use measured values when possible.
- Power factor varies by load type; use a realistic value for inductive equipment.
- Wiring rules and safety codes vary by jurisdiction; consult a licensed electrician for installation decisions.
Sources & references
- OSHA Electrical Standards overview - Summarizes electrical safety standards and references NFPA 70/70E.
- OpenStax University Physics - Electrical energy and power - Defines electric power relationships such as P = IV and ties them to circuit variables.
- NIST Glossary - Watt (W) - Defines the watt as a unit of power equal to one joule per second.
- ORNL Power Factor training (DOE) - Explains power factor and provides three-phase real power formula.